1281-1290 MCQ in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1281) Cryotherapy, application of liquid nitrogen,  is the BEST treatment modality for skin

A. Actinic keratosis
B. Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
C. Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ
D. Superficial Merkel Cell Carcinoma
E. Superficial Spreading Melanoma

1282) Circular-shaped tissue expanders will be able to achieve a GAIN of approximately?

A.  5% in tissue surface area
B. 15% in tissue surface area
C. 25% in tissue surface area
D. 35% in tissue surface area
E. 45% in tissue surface area

1283) Which of the following boundaries of the external nasal valve is FALSE?

A. Caudal septum (medial wall)
B. Medial crura (medial wall)
C. Caudal edge of upper lateral cartilage (superior/lateral wall
D. Columella (medial wall)
D. Nasal sill (inferior wall)

1284)  Which of the following lasers provides an effective treatment option for "RESIDUAL telangiectasia following infantile cervicofacial hemangioma involution"

A. 532-nm diode laser
B. Flash pumped dye laser (PDL)
C. Nd:YAG laser
D. CO2 laser
E. KTP laser

1285) Which of following statements regarding the Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap (IHMCF) is TRUE?

A. It is ideal for intraoral "large-sized" defects following oncological resection.
B. Its major blood supply is from the inferior thyroid artery
C. Microvascular anatomosis is required.
D. Total flap necrosis, marginal skin paddle necrosis, and total skin paddle loss are as high as 20%.
D. The surgical defect can usually be closed primarily.

1286)  Which of following statements regarding the represented van der Woude syndrome is FALSE? (See drawing below)

A. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome.
B. It is the most common syndrome associated with cleft lip and/or palate
C. Lower lip pits alone can be the only manifestation of this syndrome.
D. Lip pits may be surgically removed for aesthetic reasons or discomfort due to chronic inflammation.
E. It is commonly associated with supernumerary teeth

1287) The supraclavicular artery island flap is MOST commonly used in the repair of defects related to

A. Lip reconstruction.
B. Esophagus
C. Temporal bone resection
D. Floor of the mouth oral cavity reconstruction
E. Cervico-facial cutaneous reconstruction

1288) Which of the following approaches/plane of dissection CAN NOT be used in a browlift procedure?

A. Direct/Subcutaneous
B. Midforehead/Subperiosteal
C. Pretrichial/Subgaleal
D. Coronal/Subgaleal
E. Endoscopic/Subperiosteal

1289) How many stages involve the Nagata microtia reconstruction?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

1290) Which of the following causes is the MOST common etiology of external nasal valve collapse?

A. Aging
B. Weakened interdomal ligaments
C. Facial paralysis
D. Over-resection of the lateral crura of the lower lateral cartilage
E.  Nasal trauma or nasal fracture

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1281) A      Actinic keratosis    

Lee D. A., Miller S.J.: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Skin Cancer, Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2009,  pp.309-324

1282) C      25% in tissue surface area

Hoffmann J. F.: Tissue Expansion in Reconstruction of the Head and Neck, chapter 55 Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Papel I.D., editor), Thieme, 2009, pp.745-756

1283) C     Caudal edge of upper lateral cartilage (superior/lateral wall) 

Shin J. J,, Cunningham M. J.:Otolaryngology Pre and Practice, Plural Publishing, 2013, pp. 360-361

1284) A         532-nm diode laser 

Cerrati E. W. , Teresa M.O., Chung H., Waner M.: Diode Laser for the Treatment of Telangiectasias following Hemangioma Involution, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surg., 2015, Vol. 152 (2), pp.239-243

1285) E     The surgical defect can usually be closed primarily.

Peng Hanwei, Wang S. J.,  Yang Xihong, Guo Haipeng, Liu Muyuan: Infrahyoid Myocutaneous Flap for Medium-Sized Head and Neck Defects: Surgical Outcome and Technique Modification Diode, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surg., 2013, Vol. 148 (1), pp.47-53

1286) E       It is commonly associated with supernumerary teeth

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/950823-overview

1287) E     Cervico-facial cutaneous reconstruction

Reference: Kokot N., Mazhar K, Reder L. S., Peng G. L. , Sinha U. K.: Use of Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap for Reconstruction of Cervicofacial Defects, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2014, Vol. 150(2), 222-228

Kokot N, Mazhar K, Reder LS, Peng GL, Sinha UK: The supraclavicular artery island flap in head and neck reconstruction: applications and limitations, JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Nov;139(11):1247-55.

1288) B    Midforehead/Subperiosteal

Javidnia H., Skykes, J.: Endoscopic Brow Lifts, Have They Replaced Coronal Lifts?, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Minimally Invasive Procedures in Facial Plastic Surgery, Clinics Review Articles, Vol. 21, No. 2, May 2013, pp.191-199

Kerth J. D., Toriumi D. M.: Management of the Aging Forehead, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, Vol. 116, Oct. 1990, pp.1137-1142

1289) B     2

Moubayed S. P., Mourad M. W., Riera March A.: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Concepts, Questions, Answers, Chapter 15 in Otoplasty, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2020, pp. 114-126

Firmin F.: State-of-the-Art Autogenous Ear Reconstruction in Cases of Microtia, Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 68:25-52

1290) D     Over-resection of the lateral crura of the lower lateral cartilage 

Deroee A. F.,  Younes A. A.,  Friedman O.: External Nasal Valve Collapse Repair: The Limited Alar-Facial Stab Approach, The Laryngoscope, March 2010, pp. 474-479