1091-1100 MCQ Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1091-1100 (2017)

1091) Which of the following anatomical terms is defined by: "the anterior hairline in the midline"

A. The trichion
B. The glabella
C. The nasion
D. The radix
E. The rhinion

1092) Which of the following is considered an adequate NASOFRONTAL angle?

A. 60 degrees
B. 80 degrees
C. 100 degrees
D. 130 degrees
E. 150 degrees

1093) Which of the following is considered an adequate NASOLABIAL angle in a male?

A. 30 degrees
B. 50 degrees
C. 90 degrees
D. 110 degrees
E. 120 degrees

1094) The SIMON's nasal projection in relation to the upper lip should have a ratio of

A. 1:1
B. 1:1.5
C. 1:2
D. 1:2.5
E. 1:3

1095) Which of the following is NOT true regarding ear analysis?

A. The width of the ear is approximately one half its length.
B. The ear length should approximate the length of the nose.
C. The superior aspect of the ear lies at the level of the eyebrow.
D. The long axis of the ear is parallel to the long axis of the nasal dorsum
E. The ear has a posterior rotation of approximately 30 degrees from the vertical plane

1096) Which of the lip aesthetic subunits is the one indicated by the arrow?


A. Philtrum dimple
B. Philtrum column
C. Cupids bow
D. Vermillion border
E. Melolabial fold

1097) Which of the following is NOT considered a aesthetic subunit of the nose?

A. The tip
B. The side
C. The rhinion
D. The soft triangle
E. The ala

1098) In the lower face taking into account only the middle and lower portions: nasion to subnasale, subnasale to menton. Which of the following proportion is correct?

A. Midfacial height should be 57% of the total
B. Lower facial height should be 43% of the total
C. Midfacial height should be 43% of the total
D. Lower facial height should be 65% of the total
E. Midfacial height should be 35% of the total

1099) Which of the following is considered an adequate NASOFACIAL angle?

A. 35 degrees
B. 45 degrees
C. 55 degrees
D. 89 degrees
E. 120 degrees

1100) "The levator aponeurosis does not penetrate the orbital septum and orbicularis muscle but terminates on the superior margin of the tarsus". In which of the following ethnic group is most commonly found these eyelid characteristics?

A. Caucasian
B. Latino
C. Asian
D. Black
E. Middle Eastern

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1091) A     The trichion

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

 1092) D     130 degrees

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1093) C     90 degrees

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1094) A     1:1

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1095) E     The ear has a posterior rotation of approximately 30 degrees from the vertical plane

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1096) B     Philtrum column

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1097) C     The rhinion

 Ridley M. B. , VanHook S. M.: Aesthetic Facial Proportions in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, (Papel, I. D., editor), third edition, Thieme, 2009, pp. 119-133

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1098) C      Midfacial height should be 43% of the total

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1099) A     35 degrees

Zimbler M. S., Ham J.: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 21 in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, (Cummings, editor), 4th edition, 2005, Mosby

1100) C     Asian

McCurdy Jr. J. A.: Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face, chapter 28 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, (Papel, I. D., editor), second edition, Thieme, 2002, pp. 322-343

1081-1090 MCQ Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1081-1090

1081) Which of the following anatomical term is defined by "the most anterior and caudal point of the cartilaginous septum"?

A. The rhinion
B. The tip defining point
C. The anterior septal angle
D. The posterior septal angle
E. The lobule

1082) Which of the following is considered a MAJOR TIP support of the nose?

A. Interdomal ligament
B. Cartilaginous dorsum
C. Alar cartilage attachment to the skin
D. Medial crural footplate attachments to caudal septum
E. Membranous septum

1083) Which of the following nasal parameters is measured by the "Goode's method"?

A. The nasal length
B. The nasal rotation
C. The nasal projection
D. The nasal alar flare
E. The nasal valve angle

1084) Which of the following nasal abnormalities is corrected by using "flaring sutures"?

A. The nasal length
B. The nasal rotation
C. The nasal projection
D. The nasal alar flare
E. The nasal valve angle

1085) Which of the following nasal surgeries will NOT improved overprojection?

A. Delivery approach
B. Lateral crural steal
C. Alar cartilage reduction
D. Septal cartilage reduction
E. Nasal spine reduction

1086) Which of the following statements is true regarding the cartilage graft - yellow color - used in the drawing below?

A. Improve the valve angle
B. Decrease the valve angle
C. Increase the nasal length
D. Decrease the nasal length
E. Improve the nasal alar flare

1087) The ideal nasofacial angle SHOULD BE

A. 120 degrees
B. 35 degrees
C. 100 degrees
D. 90 degrees
E. 15 degrees

1088) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the "butterfly grafts"?

A. Conchal cartilage is an ideal donor area for "butterfly grafts".
B. "Butterfly grafts" are used to widen the valve angle.
C. "Butterfly grafts" are placed at the scroll area.
D. "Butterfly grafts" are sutured in place to prevent migration.
E. The caudal border of the "butterfly graft" is placed superficial to the cephalic border of the lateral crura.

1089) Which of the following nasal topographic analysis is FALSE?

A. The narrowest part of the bony vault is at the level of the rhinion
B. The lobule is divided into the tip, supratip and infratip
C. The nasal skin is thinner and more mobile in the upper half of the nose
D. The nasal skin thickness is the thinnest at the rhinion
E. Nasal lengthening and nasal tip dropping occur in aging

1090) Which of the following branches supply the sensory innervation of the tip of the nose?

A. Supraorbital nerve
B. Infraorbital nerve
C. Supratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic nerve
D. Infratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic nerve
E. External nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1081) C     The anterior septal angle

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1082) D     Medial crural footplate attachments to caudal septum

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1083) C     The nasal projection

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1084) E     The nasal valve angle

Schlosser R. J., Park S. S: Functional Nasal Surgery, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 37-51

1085) B     Lateral crural steal

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1086) A     Improve the valve angle

Schlosser R. J., Park S. S: Functional Nasal Surgery, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 37-51

1087) B     35 degrees

Papel I. D., Mabrie D. C.: Deprojecting the Nasal Profile, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 65-87

1088) E     The caudal border of the "butterfly graft" is placed superficial to the cephalic border of the lateral crura.

Schlosser R. J., Park S. S: Functional Nasal Surgery, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 37-51

1089) A     The narrowest part of the bony vault is at the level of the rhinion

Oneal R. M., Beil R. J. Jr., Schlensinger J.: Surgical Anatomy of the Nose, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 145-181

1090) E     External nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve

Oneal R. M., Beil R. J. Jr., Schlensinger J.: Surgical Anatomy of the Nose, Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty, Part I, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, ( Park S.S. and Holt G. R., editors) , Vol. 32, No.1, February 1999, pp. 145-181

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic20.htm

1071-1080 MCQ Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1071-1080

1071) Which of the following statements related to the NORMAL periocular relationships is FALSE?

A. The vertical palpebral aperture is 8 mm.
B. The upper lid crease is 10 mm above the lashes.
C. The horizontal palpebral aperture 34 mm.
D. The lateral canthal has an acute angle.
E. The lacrimal punctal position is not visible.

1072) Which is the LASER OF CHOICE in the treatment of port-wine stain (PWS)?

A. Argon laser
B. KTP (Potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser)
C. PDL (Pulsed dye laser)
D. Copper vapor/bromide laser
E. APTDL (Argon-Pumped Tunable Dye Laser)

1073) Which of the following Cyanoacrylate is THE ONLY ONE approved in the United Sates?

A. Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate
B. Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate
C. Isobutyl-cyanoacrylate
D. 2-cyano-butyl-acrylate
E. 2-octyl cyanoacrylate

1074) Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding local anesthetics for facial plastic procedures?

A. Procaine is an esther anesthetic.
B. Lidocaine is an amide anesthetic.
C. All local anesthetics have 3 components: an aromatic portion, an intermediate chain, and an amine group.
D. The intermediate chain is composed of either an ester or an amide linkage.
E. Ester anesthetics are rarely associated with allergic reactions.

1075) Which of the following local anesthetic agents is NOT metabolized by the liver?

A. Procaine
B. Lidocaine
C. Bupivacaine
D. Mepivacaine
E. Ropivacaine

1076) You are excising an scar by the fusiform ellipse technique. The excision line is 1 cm wide. What is the value of "X" representing the LENGTH of the fusiform incision?

A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 3 cm
D. 4 cm
E. 5 cm

1077) Which of the following is FALSE regarding Bupivacaine?

A. It is an amide anesthetic.
B. Its anesthetic effect lasts longer than lidocaine.
C. Its pain at injection site is more intense than lidocaine.
D. The maximum recomended dose of bupicaine without epinephrine is 1-2 mg/kg.
E. It is not cardiotoxic.

1078) Which of the following anesthetic has been associated with METHEMOGLOBINEMIA?

A. Prilocaine
B. Ropivacaine
C. Bupivacaine
D. Cocaine
E. Tetracaine

1079) In which of the following sites is metabolized the Mepivacaine local anesthetic agent?

A. Plasma
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Lung
E. Spleen

1080) Which of the following local anesthetic agents has the LONGEST duration of action?

A. Lidocaine
B. Mepivacaine
C. Bupivacaine
D. Tetracaine
E. Prilocaine

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1071) A     The vertical palpebral aperture is 8 mm.

Zdinat L. A: Patient Evaluation n, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Bosniak S.L., editor), Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 857-869

1072) C     PDL (Pulsed dye laser)

Mioc S., Mycek M.A: Selected Laser-based Therapies in Otolaryngology, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Meyers A. D., editor), Vol. 38, No. 2, October 2005, pp. 241-2540

1073) E      2-octyl cyanoacrylate

Flock S. T., Marchitto K. S.: Progress Towards Seamless Tissue Fusion for Wound Closure, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Meyers A. D., editor), Vol. 38, No. 2, October 2005, pp. 295-305

1074) E     Ester anesthetics are rarely associated with allergic reactions.

Kock R, J., Hanasono M. M..: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 16 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, (Papel, I. D., editor), Third edition, Thieme, 2009 pp. 177-188

1075) A     Procaine

http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic824.htm

1076) C     3 cm

Miller P. J., Constantinides M.: Simple and Serial Excisions, Scar Revision and Camouflage, ( Wang T. D, editor), Facial Plastic Clinics of North America, Vol. 6, No. 2, May 1998, pp. 141-147

1077) E     It is not cardiotoxic.

http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic761.htm

1078) A     Prilocaine

Ahlstrom K.K., Frodel J. L.: Local Anesthetics for Facial Plastic Procedures in Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Office-Based Procedures in Facial Plastic, Vol. 35, No. 1, Feb. 2002, pp. 29-53

http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic761.htm

1079) B     Liver

Ahlstrom K.K., Frodel J. L.: Local Anesthetics for Facial Plastic Procedures in Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Office-Based Procedures in Facial Plastic, Vol. 35, No. 1, Feb. 2002, pp. 29-53

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic20.htm

1080) C     Bupivacaine

Ahlstrom K.K., Frodel J. L.: Local Anesthetics for Facial Plastic Procedures in Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Office-Based Procedures in Facial Plastic, Vol. 35, No. 1, Feb. 2002, pp. 29-53

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic20.htm

1061-1070 MCQ Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1061-1070 

1061) Which of the following TYPE of Hamilton-Norwood alopecia classification is capable to achieve THE BEST and MORE NATURAL result with hair replacement surgery?

A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type IV
D. Type VI
E. Type VII

1062) Which of the following hair conditions is a CONTRAINDICATION for a hair replacement surgery?

A. Androgenic alopecia
B. Traumatic alopecia
C. Male pattern alopecia
D. Diffuse female pattern baldness
E. Traction alopecia

1063) Which of the following is considered a MAJOR criteria in the diagnosis of skin melanoma in the revised Glasgow seven-point checklist?

A. Changes in color
B. Crusting
C. Bleeding
D. Inflammation
E. Sensory changes

1064) Which of the following in NOT considered a favorable characteristic in a female facelift candidate?

A. Strong forward chin
B. Minimal photo-aging
C. Prominent cheek structure
D. Low hyoid bone
E. Shallow cheek/lip grooves

1065) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the African American nose?

A. Bulbous nasal tip
B. Short columella
C. Poor tip projection
D. Thin alar skin
E. Depressed nasal dorsum

1066) What will be the theoretical increase in length of the Z-plasty represented in the drawing below?

A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 60%
E. 75%

1067) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Hughes procedure for lower eyelid reconstruction?

A. It is used in near total full-thickness lower eyelid defect.
B. It consists of a tarso-conjuntival flap from the upper eyelid.
C. The tarso-conjuntival flap is combined with a full-thickness skin graft
D. The tarso-conjuntival flap can be combined also with a myocutaneous flap from the lower eyelid
E. It is one-stage technique of eyelid reconstruction

1068) Which of the following carcinoma is the MOST common in the eyelid area?

A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Sebaceous carcinoma
D. Malignant melanoma
E. Adenocarcinoma

1069) Which of the following region of the eyelid is MOST commonly involved by malignant skin lesions?

A. Upper eyelid
B. Lower eyelid
C. Medial canthus
D. Lateral canthus
E. Periorbital area adjacent to the eyelid

1070) Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding secondary intention healing in the eyelids?

A. The ideal wound should be superficial.
B. The ideal wound should not expose bone
C. The ideal should not expose cartilage
D. The ideal wound should be less than 25 % of the entire eyelid surface.
E. The ideal candidate should be a young individual rather than an old patient.

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1061) C     Type IV

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1284907-workup#a0724

1062) D     Diffuse female pattern baldness

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1284907-overview#a05

1063) A     Changes in color

Ammirati C. T., Hruza G. H.: Clinical Presentations of cutaneous melanoma, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics North America, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 2005, pp.33-46

1064) D     Low hyoid bone

Kock R, J., Hanasono M. M..: Aesthetic Facial Analysis, chapter 16 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, (Papel, I. D., editor), Third edition, Thieme, 2009 pp. 177-188

1065) D     Thin alar skin

Stucker F. J., Lian T., Sanders K.: African American Rhinoplasty, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics North America, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 2005

1066) E     75%

Kokoska M. S., Thomas J. R.: Scar Revision, chapter 5 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition, (Ira Papel, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 55-60

1067) E     It is one-stage technique of eyelid reconstruction

Kaltreider S. A.: Periocular Reconstruction, chapter 52 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition, (Ira Papel, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 646-659

1068) A     Basal cell carcinoma

http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/TOPIC10.HTM

1069) B     Lower eyelid

Funk G. F., Hoffman H. T., Carter K. D.: Special Considerations in the Management of Malignant Skin Lesions about the Eye, Facial Skin Malignancies, II, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Vol. 26, No. 2, April 1993, pp. 215-230

1070) E     The ideal candidate should be a young individual rather than an old patient.

Chandler D. B., Gausas R. E.: Lower Lid Reconstruction, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 1033-1042

1051-1060 MCQ Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1051-1060

1051) Which of the following statements related to the anatomy of the orbit is FALSE?

A. The optic foramen is located in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
B. The lateral orbital vall is formed mainly by the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
C. Lateral to the superior orbital fissure is located the optic foramen.
D. The medial wall of the orbit is formed by the lacrimal bone, the ethmoid bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
E. The anterior ethmoid foramen is located at the frontoehtmoidal suture at approximately 24 mm posterior to the anterior lacrimal crest.

1052) Which of the following eyelid topography is related to the orbicularis oculi muscle of Riolan?

A. Meibomian gland orificies
B. Gray line
C. Tarsus
D. Eyelash follicles
E. Eyelid mucocutaneous junction

1053) Which of the following periocular anatomic relationships is NOT ideal or normal?

A. The brow is located at or above the superior orbital rim.
B. The vertical palpebral aperture is approximately 10 mm.
C. The horizontal palpebral aperture is approximately 34 mm.
D. The lateral canthal angle is obtuse.
E. The lacrimal punctal position is not visible

1054) Which of the following etiology of eyelid ectropion is FALSE?

A. Involutional
B. Spastic
C. Cicatricial
D. Mechanical
E. Paralytic

1055) Which of the following type of eyelid ptosis is the MOST common?

A. Congenital
B. Traumatic
C. Myogenic
D. Involutional
E. Mechanical

1056) Which of the following scar revision techniques is the one presented in the drawing below?

A. Multiple excisions
B. Serial excisions
C. Multiple Z-plasties
D. Running W-plasty
E. Geometric Broken Line Closure

1057) The doll's-hair, or plug-like appearance , in hair restoration is produced most likely by using

A. Standard 4-mm plug grafts
B. Half/standard 4-mm plug grafts
C. Quater/standard 4-mm plug grafts
D. Micrografts
E. Minigrafts

1058) How many hairs are usually contained in a minigraft used for hair restoration?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 10
E. 20

1059) Which of the following stages is designed for the lobule reconstruction in a microtic ear?

A. First stage
B. Second stage
C. Third stage
D. Fourth stage
E. Usually not needed

1060) How many days prior to a blepharoplasty are recommended to stop medications containing aspirin?

A. 1 day
B. 2 days
C. 5 days
D. 7 days
E. 14 days

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1051) C     Lateral to the superior orbital fissure is located the optic foramen.

Burkat C. N., Lemke B. N.: Anatomy of the Orbit and Its Related Structures, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Bosniak S.L., editor), Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 825-856

1052) B     Gray line

Zdinat L. A.: Patient Evaluation, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Bosniak S.L., editor), Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 857-869

1053) D     The lateral canthal angle is obtuse.

Zdinat L. A.: Patient Evaluation, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Bosniak S.L., editor), Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 857-869

1054) B     Spastic

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/877155-overview#a0102

1055) D     Involutional

Edmonson B. C., Wulc A. E.: Ptosis Evaluation and Management, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, , (Bosniak S.L., editor), Vol. 38, No. 5, October 2005, pp. 921-946

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/839075-overview

1056) C     Multiple Z-plasties

Kokoska M. S., Thomas J. R.: Scar Revision, chapter 5 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition, (Ira Papel, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 55-60

1057) A     Standard 4-mm plug grafts

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/TOPIC107.HTM

1058) C     5

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/TOPIC107.HTM

1059) B     Second stage

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/TOPIC79.HTM

1060) E     14 days

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic96.htm

Lee A. S., Thomas J. R.: Lower Lid Blepharoplasty and Canthal Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Vol. 13, No. 4, Nov. 2005, pp.541-551

1041-1050 MCQ in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1041-1050

1041) Which of the following statements related to the perioral region is FALSE?

A. The lower third of the face is subdivided into thirds, the upper one third includes the upper lip and the lower two thirds the lower lip and the chin.
B. The oral commisure should be within a vertical line drawn from the medial limbus of the iris
C. The lips may have an inter-labial gap of 3 mm on repose.
D. The lower lip, on profile, is more anteriorly positioned than the upper lip.
E. The white roll of the lip separates the vermillion from the skin.

1042) Which of the following IS a DEEP peeling agent?

A. 10% of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
B. 20% of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
C. 35% of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
D. Jessner's solution
E. Baker-Gordon solution

1043) Which of the following is the appropriate END POINT for medium peeling agents applied to the perioral area?

A. Erythema of the skin
B. White frost of the skin
C. Pink coloration of the dermis
D. Chamois coloration of the dermis
E. Brown coloration of the dermis

1044) The "marionette lines" are produced by the hyperactivity of ONE of the following perioral muscles

A. Orbicularis oris
B. Risorius
C. Depressor anguli oris
D.Depressor labii inferioris
E. Mentalis

1045) Which of the following complications is THE LEAST in frequency to occur using 35% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peeling agent?

A. Erythema
B. Hypopigmentation
C. Hyperpigmentation
D. Lines of demarcation between peeled and non peeled areas
E. Scarring

1046) The drawing below represents a plane from the subnasale to the pogonium. Which of the following is the proper position of the lower lip and upper lip in relation to the mentioned plane?




A. At the same plane
B. Upper lip 3.5 mm, lower lip 2.2 mm, both anteriorly
C. Upper lip 2.2 mm, lower lip 3.5 mm, both anteriorly
D. Upper lip 4.5 mm, lower lip 3.5 mm, both anteriorly
E. Upper lip 3.5 mm, lower lip 4.5 mm, both anteriorly

1047) Which of the following is NOT a component of the classic Baker-Gordon peeling solution?

A. 3 ml of phenol 88%
B. 8 drops of Septisol
C. 3 drops of crotton oil
D. 8 ml of  lactic acid
E. 2 ml of distilled water

1048) Which of the following lip augmentation materials is a PERMANENT injectable filler?

A. Zyderm
B. Zyplast
C. Restylene
D. Juvederm
E. Artecoll

1049) Which of the following complications is MOST commonly seen in the use of alloplastic mandibular implants?

A. Hematoma
B. Infection
C. Sensory alterations
D. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve injury
E. Bony resorption

1050) Which of the following is the MOST commonly used chin implant material?

A. Silicone
B. Proplast
C. Gore-Tex
D. Mersilene
E. Hydroxyapatite

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1041) D     The lower lip, on profile, is more anteriorly positioned than the upper lip.

Perkins S. W., Sandel IV H. D.: Anatomic Considerations, Analysis, and the Aging Process of the Perioral Region, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.403-407

1042) E     Baker-Gordon solution

Perkins S. W., Balikian R.: Treatment of Perioral Rhytids, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.409-414

1043) B     White frost of the skin

Perkins S. W., Balikian R.: Treatment of Perioral Rhytids, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.409-414

1044) C     Depressor anguli oris

Kaplan S. E., Sherris D. A., Gassner H. G., Friedman O.: The Use of Botulinum Toxin A, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.415-421

1045) E     Scarring

Perkins N. W., Smith Jr.,S. P., Williams II E. F.:Perioral Rejuvenation: Complementary Techniques and Procedures, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.423-432

1046) B     Upper lip 3.5 mm, lower lip 2.2 mm, both anteriorly

Perkins S. W., Sandel IV H. D.: Anatomic Considerations, Analysis, and the Aging Process of the Perioral Region, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.403-407

1047) D     8 ml of lactic acid

Perkins S. W., Balikian R.: Treatment of Perioral Rhytids, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.409-414

1048) E     Artecoll

Segall L., Ellis D. A.F: Therapeutic Options for Lip Augmentation, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.485-490

1049) C     Sensory alterations

Mittelman H., Spencer J. R., Chrzanowski D. S.: Chin Region: Management of Grooves and Mandibular Hypoplasia with Alloplastic Implants, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.445-460

1050) A     Silicone

Mittelman H., Spencer J. R., Chrzanowski D. S.: Chin Region: Management of Grooves and Mandibular Hypoplasia with Alloplastic Implants, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, (Perkins S. W. , editor), Vol. 15, No. 4, November 2007., pp.445-460

http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic56.htm

1031-1040 MCQ in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1031-1040

1031) Which of the following is the INITIAL EVENT in wound healing?

A. Local vasoconstriction
B. Local vasodilatation
C. Increase microvascular permeability
D. Cellular response proliferation
E. Collagen synthesis

1032) Which of the following factors WILL NOT impede wound healing?

A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Venous stasis
C. Wound moisture
D. Hyperthyroidism
E. Colchicine

1033) Which of the following primary cell types are predominantly found in the DAY 6 of the wound healing process?

A. Red Blood Cell
B. Platelets
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
E. Fibroblasts

1034) Which of the following cells synthesize COLLAGEN?

A. Macrophages
B. Fibroblasts
C. Lymphocytes
D. Mast cells
E. Muscle cells

1035) Which type of collagen is the MOST common in scar tissue?

A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
E. Type V

1036) Which of the following primary cell type in the post wound healing is the ONE indicated by the rectangle? The vertical axis represents the cell type in the wound, the horizontal axis represents the status after wounding in days.



A. Red Blood Cells
B. Macrophages
C. Neutrophils
D. Platelets
E. Fibroblasts

1037) Which of the following irrigation solutions is the ONE RECOMMENDED in the management of an acute facial wound?

A. 1% povidone-iodine solution
B. 10% povidone-iodine solution
C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. Benzalkonium chloride
E. Hypertonic saline solution

1038) The IDEAL place for using staples for skin closure IS

A. The scalp
B. The postauricular area
C. The temple area
D. The forehead
E. The neck

1039) Which of the following is NOT RECOMMENDED in facial wound suturing techniques?

A. Skin hooks are very useful in handling soft tissue
B. Avoid "dead spaces" at closure
C. The principle of "halving" is frequently used
D. Approximation of the tissue without strangulation
E. Gentle inversion of the wound edges

1040) In which of the following locations sutures can remain the LONGEST PERIOD of time?

A. Scalp
B. Face
C. Pinna
D. Neck
E. Temple

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1031) A     Local vasoconstriction

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

1032) C     Wound moisture

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

1033) E      Fibroblasts

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

Lawrence W. T.:Physiology of the Acute Wound, Wound Healing State of the Art, Clinics of Plastic Surgery. Vol. 25, No. 3, July 1998, pp321-340

1034) B     Fibroblasts

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

Lawrence W. T.:Physiology of the Acute Wound, Wound Healing State of the Art, Clinics of Plastic Surgery. Vol. 25, No. 3, July 1998, pp321-340

1035) A     Type I

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

Lawrence W. T.:Physiology of the Acute Wound, Wound Healing State of the Art, Clinics of Plastic Surgery. Vol. 25, No. 3, July 1998, pp. 321-340

1036) B     Macrophages

Fisher E., Frodel Jr. J.: Wound Healing, chapter 2 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 15-25

Lawrence W. T.:Physiology of the Acute Wound, Wound Healing State of the Art, Clinics of Plastic Surgery. Vol. 25, No. 3, July 1998, pp. 321-340

1037) A     1% povidone-iodine solution

Maas C. S.: Wound Management and Suturing Manual, Facial Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,2001, pp. 16-24

1038) A     The scalp

Maas C. S.: Wound Management and Suturing Manual, Facial Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,2001, pp. 37-49

1039) E     Gentle inversion of the wound edges

Maas C. S.: Wound Management and Suturing Manual, Facial Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,2001, pp. 37-49

1040) A     Scalp

Maas C. S.: Wound Management and Suturing Manual, Facial Plastic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,2001, pp. 37-49

1021-1030 MCQ in FPRS

1021-1030

Updated: May 24, 2018
-------------------------------
1021) Which of the following incision/approach in rhinoplasty is FALSE?

A. Transcartilaginous/transcartilaginous
B. Intercartilaginous/retrograde
C. Intercartilaginous/delivery
D. Intercartilaginous and marginal/delivery
E. Transcolumelar and marginal/external

1022) If the entire face, from auricle to auricle, is divided by vertical lines, the nasal base width is approximately?

A. 1/3 of the face
B. 1/4 of the face
C. 1/5 of the face
D. 1/6 of the face
E. 1/7 of the face

1023) In face-nasal analysis, in profile view, the nose should project from the face, with a right angle triangle (according to Crumley and Lancer). Which of the following is the adequate proportion?

A. 2-3-4 triangle
B. 3-4-5 triangle
C. 4-5-6 triangle
D. 5-6-7 triangle
E. 6-7-8 triangle

1024) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the analysis of the eyelid position?

A. Upper eyelid margin-to-corneal-light-reflex distance (MRD-2)
B. Lower eyelid margin-to-corneal-light-reflex distance (MRD-1)
C. Superior limbus and the upper lid margin distance (MLD-2)
D. Inferior limbus and the lower lid margin distance (MLD-1)
E. Upper lid margin and the inferior limbus distance (MLD-3)

1025) Which of the following is considered a MINOR TIP SUPPORT mechanism of the nose?

A. Medial crural footplate attachment to the caudal septum
B. Nasal septum
C. Attachment of the caudal border of the upper lateral cartilages to the cephalic border of the lower lateral cartilages
D. Nasal spine
E. Size, shape and strength of the lower lateral cartilages

1026) Which of the following IS REPRESENTED by the two lines in the drawing below?


A. Appropriate chin position
B. Appropriate nose rotation
C. Appropriate nose projection
D. Appropriate alar position
E. Appropriate nasion position

1027) Which of the following percentages represents the evaluation/examination of the surgical margin of the specimen by Mohs micrographic surgery – nonmelanoma skin cancer – including the periphery and its under surface?

A. 65%
B. 75%
C. 85%
D. 95%
E. 100%

1028) Which of the following views standard photography for otoplasty has the LEAST importance in documentation?

A. Frontal
B. Posterior
C. R/L lateral
D. R/L lateral close-up
E. R/L oblique

1029) Which of the following lasers is useful to treat facial telangiectasias?

A. CO2
B. Erbium
C. Ruby
D. Copper vapor
E. Alexandrite

1030) Which of the following Fitzpatrick's Sun-Reactive Skin type is classified a 40-year old female patient, who usually burns, and tans with difficulty?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. V

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1021) C     Intercartilaginous/delivery

Tardy M. E., Toriumi D. M. , Hecht D. A.: Philosophy and Principles of Rhinoplasty, chapter 32 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 369-389

1022) C     1/5 of the face

Orten S. S., Hilger P. A.: Facial Analysis of the Rhinoplasty Patient, chapter 31, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 361-368

1023) B     3-4-5 triangle

Orten S. S., Hilger P. A.: Facial Analysis of the Rhinoplasty Patient, chapter 31, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 361-368

1024) E     Upper lid margin and the inferior limbus distance (MLD-3)

Suryadevara A. C., Moe K. S.: Reconstruction of Eyelid Defects, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Byrne P. J. , editor), Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2009, pp.419-428

1025) D     Nasal spine

Becker D. G.: Complications of Rhinoplasty, chapter 39, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 452-460

1026) A     Appropriate chin position

Orten S. S., Hilger P. A.: Facial Analysis of the Rhinoplasty Patient, chapter 31, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 361-368

1027) E     100%

Cumberland L., Dana A., Liegeois N.: Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Management of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, , (Byrne P. J. , editor), Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2009, pp.325-335

1028) E     R/L oblique

Kontis T. C.: Photography in Facial Plastic Surgery, chapter 11, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 116-124

Desai S.C.: Chapter 52, Otoplasty in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinical Reference Guide, Plural Publishing, 2017, pp. 541-550

1029) D     Copper vapor

Russell Ries W. , Powitzky E. S.:Lasers in Facial Plastic Surgery, chapter 8, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 79-95

1030) B     II

James Koch R., Hanasono M.M.: Aesthatic Facial Analysis, chapter 13, in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Edition (Papel I. D, editor), Thieme, 2002, pp. 135-144

---------------------------------
Updated: May 24, 2018

1011-1020 MCQ in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1011-1020

1011) Which of the following reconstructive techniques is RARELY used in the repair of nasal defects?

A. Split thickness skin graft
B. Full thickness skin graft
C. Secondary intention healing
D. Bilobed flaps
E. V-to-Y local flaps

1012) Which of the following is the MOST commonly used plane of dissection in coronal brow lift?

A. Subcutaneous
B. Subgaleal
C. Subperiosteal
D. Combination of subcutaneous/Subgaleal
E. Combination of subcutaneous/Subperiosteal

1013) Which of the following ear deformities is the MOST common found in protruding ears?

A. Antihelical unfurling
B. Helix unfurling
C. Conchal excess
D. Outstanding lobule
E. Prominent tragal cartilage

1014) Which of the following condition is MOST likely related to excessive pain in the immediate postoperative period in otoplastic surgery?

A. Hematoma
B. Infection
C. Necrosis of the cartilage
D. Sutures extrusion
E. Necrosis of the skin

1015) Which of the following is FALSE regarding full thickness skin grafts compared to split thickness skin grafts?

A. Better color
B. Better texture
C. Less contour irregularities
D. Easier donor site closure
E. Better survival rate

1016) Which of the following flaps is the ONE represented in the drawing below?



A. Eslander
B. Abbe
C. Gillies
D. McGregor
E. Webster

1017) HOW MANY units of botulinum neurotoxin A (Botox) are usually needed to achieve a satisfactory reduction in activity of the procerus muscle?

A. 5
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25
E. 30

1018) Which of the following muscles is considered the MAIN elevator of the brow?

A. Lateral orbicularis oculi
B. Procerus
C. Corrugator
D. Frontalis
E. Orbicularis oculi

1019) What area of the auricle will improve the Gosain's technique in otoplastic surgery?

A. The helix
B. The antihelix
C. The earlobe
D. The concha
E. The triangular fossa

1020) Which of the following lip reconstruction techniques is MOST likely responsible for producing a rounded commisure?

A. Unilateral cross-lip flap
B. Bilateral cross-lip flap
C. Estlander flap
D. Bernard-Burrow-Webster flap
E. Gillies flap

ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1011) A     Split thickness skin graft

Jewett B. S.: Repair of Small Nasal Defects: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 337-360

1012) B     Subgaleal

Henderson J. L., Larrabee Jr. W: Analysis of the Upper Face and Selection of Rejuvenation Techniques, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 255-265

1013) A     Antihelical unfurling

Adamson P. A., Litner J. A.: Otoplasty Technique, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 305-318

1014) A     Hematoma

Adamson P. A., Litner J. A.: Otoplasty Technique, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 305-318

1015) E     Better survival rate

Jewett B. S.: Repair of Small Nasal Defects: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 337-360

1016) B     Abbe

McCarn K. E., Park S. S.: Lip Reconstruction, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 361-380

1017) A     5

Maas C. S.: Botulinum Neurotoxins and Injectable Fillers: Minimally Invasive Management of the Aging Upper Face, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 283-290

1018) D     Frontalis

Balikian R.V., Zimbler M. S.: Primary and Adjuntive Uses of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Periorbital Region, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 291-303

1019) C     The earlobe

Gosain AK, Recinos RF: A novel approach to correction of the prominent lobule during otoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 112 (2): 575

1020) C     Estlander flap

McCarn K. E., Park S. S.: Lip Reconstruction, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Facial Plastic Surgery: What's is Happening in the Subspecialty, (Regan Thomas J, editor), Volume 40, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 361-380

-----------------------------------------
Updated: August 5, 2017

1001-1010 MCQ in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

1001-1010

1001) Which of the following statements is related to Stage II in auricular reconstruction using autologous rib cartilage (Brent's Technique)?.

A. Mounting and inserting the cartilage framework
B. Lobule excision
C. Lobule transposition
D. Elevation of the cartilage framework
E. Tragal reconstruction

1002) Which of the following Otoplasty techniques is related to traditional conchal setback?

A. The Ely Technique
B. The Becker Technique
C. The Furnas Technique
D. The Nachlas Technique
D. The Converse Technique

1003) What is the INCLINATION of the normal ear in relation to the vertical axis of the skull?

A. 20 degrees
B. 30 degrees
C. 40 degrees
D. 45 degrees
E. 50 degrees

1004) Which of the following statements about microtia reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage is FALSE?

A. Proper positioning is crucial for satisfaction
B. Age 6 is the ideal age for reconstruction
C. Otologic reconstruction should preceed auricular reconstruction
D. The contralateral costal margin is used for harvesting autologous costal cartilages
E. Classic microtia reconstruction requires four stages

1005) Which of the following statements about Microtia is FALSE?

A. Microtia occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 live births
B. The right ear is most commonly affected
C. Girls are more often affected than boys
D. Unilateral occurrence is more common than bilateral
E. Microtia is often associated with other congenital abnormalities

1006) Which of the following indicates the "X" measurement in the adult auricle?



A. 45 mm
B. 60 mm
C. 70 mm
D. 75 mm
E. 80 mm

1007) Which of the following auricular anatomy WILL CONTINUE TO CHANGE IN APPEARANCE throughout a lifetime?

A. Helix
B. Antihelix
C. Concha
D. Lobule
E. Tragus-antigragus

1008) Which of the following position IS USUALLY found in the vestigial lobule of the ear microtia?

A. Higher and more anterior than normal position
B. Higher and more posterior than normal position
C. At the same level as the normal position
D. Lower and more anterior than normal position
E. Lower and more posterior than normal position

1009) Which of the following implant materials is the one MOST COMMONLY USED in the non-autologous costal cartilage alternative for ear microtia reconstruction?

A. Solid silicone (Silastic)
B. Polyethylene Terephthalate (Dacron)
C. Hydroxyapatite
D. Expanded Polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE)
E. Porous high-density polythylene (PHDPE)

1010) Which of the following areas of the auricle IS CRUCIAL for prosthetic reconstruction after auriculectomy?

A. The Crux of the helix
B. The Superior aspect of the helix
C. The Antitragus
D. The Tragus
E. The Lobule


ANSWERS & REFERENCES

1001) C     Lobule transposition

Quatela V. C., Thompson S. K., Goldman N. D.: Microtia Reconstruction, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006 Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 117-127

1002) C     The Furnas Technique

Adamson P. A., Litner J. A.: Otoplasty technique,Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, Vol. 14, May 2006, No. 2, pp. 79-87

1003) A     20 degrees

Becker D. G. , Stephen S. L., Wise J. B., Steiger J. D.: Analysis in Otoplasty, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 63-71

1004) C     Otologic reconstruction should preceed auricular reconstruction

Quatela V. C., Thompson S. K., Goldman N. D.: Microtia Reconstruction, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006,Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 117-127

1005) C     Girls are more often affected than boys

Quatela V. C., Thompson S. K., Goldman N. D.: Microtia Reconstruction, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006,Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 117-127

1006) B     60 mm

Sclafani A. P., Mashkevich G.: Aesthetic Reconstructionof the Auricle, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 103-116

1007) D     Lobule

Sclafani A. P., Mashkevich G.: Aesthetic Reconstruction of the Auricle, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 103-116

1008) A     Higher and more anterior than normal position

Quatela V. C., Thompson S. K., Goldman N. D.: Microtia Reconstruction, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006,Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 117-127

1009) E     Porous high-density polythylene (PHDPE)

Romo III T., Presti P. M., Yalamanchili H. R.: Medpor Alternative for Microtia Repair, Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery: Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 129-136

1010) D     The Tragus

Tanner P. B., Mobley S.R.: External Auricular and Facial Prosthetics: A Collaborative Effort of the Reconstructive Surgeon and Anaplastologist, , Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, Auricular Surgery:Aesthetic and Reconstructive, May 2006, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 137-145

-----------------------------------------
Updated: August 5, 2017